With Detailed Analysis of the Return of the Soldier

Victorian literature superficial beauty is disapproved of, in this case Kitty; who represents the order of pre-war Edwardian England, an order destroyed by the war in the excuse of Chris' illness. West swiftly moves the novel along as Chris slowly retrieves his memory; Kitty Is a very devoted wife who when realizing that Chris has forgotten her and is yearning another, she in turn feels empowered which makes him feel conflicted and confused. He finds comfort and confides in his cousin Jenny who is the first person narrator.HIS shell-shock caused him to go fifteen years back In his memory, and to vive In a time where he was most content and In love with Margaret -? his ex love. It seems that as he retrieves his memory and the more he remembers, the more difficult it becomes for Kitty. The characteristics of shell shock prove it difficult for Margaret, Kitty, and Jenny to come to terms with. West's portrayal of all three women is first person, as West writes of the relationship between Jenny (West herself), Kitty- the wife of Jenny's cousin Chris, and Margaret, who was the love of Chris' life before he went to war.Jenny is portrayed in the novel as being quite poetic, In the sense that she's very aware of her own environment and tauter as references are frequently used such as â€Å"in the old days a fat fist would certainly have been raised to point out the new translucent glories of the rose- buds† (P. II). From Jenny's descriptive interpretations, such as this, it appears as though everything In her life is beautiful. However, as the novel develops we notice that these observations can also be quite dark. As with â€Å"because a lost Zeppelin sometimes clanks like a skeleton across the sky above us† (P. 5) and again with â€Å"All the inhabitants of this new tract of time were his enemies, all its circumstances his prison bars. † (P. 62). It can be said Jenny's prose was reflective of particular moods she was In during the course of the no vel. Jenny Is presented as kind, caring, shrewd and quietly observant, yet wary, perhaps justifiably. Jenny sits in a quandary between FIFO near emotions toward K Ana Margaret. Consequently, seen Tints It problematic Ana resorts to oxymoron's, such as â€Å"He wore a dreadful decent smile† (P. 187) referring to Chris when Margaret presents him with some of his son's belongings.In conclusion to the analysis of Jenny, she is the person in an awkward situation whereby she feels duty-bound to maintain the status-quo between the other parties. In other words, all she really wants is for everyone else to be happy regardless of her own feelings. Jenny as the narrator could be described as the keeper of everyone else's secrets, the trustworthy and dependable character whom people could confide in. Kitty is the second woman in the novel who has a completely different character. Although she doesn't come across as vain, Jenny never ceases to describe Kitty's beauty and appearance.Jenny doesn't fully describe her own true feelings about Kitty which makes it difficult for the reader to fully analyses Kitty's character. Early in Chapter One we are shown how Jenny portrays Kitty and how Jenny is treated by Kitty. It is apparent that Kitty is often quite demanding of Jenny, for example, â€Å"Come here, Jenny. I'm going to dry my hair† (P. 1 1), and on passing Jenny a tortoise-shell hairbrush, â€Å"Give it a brush now and then like a good soul. But be careful. Tortoise snaps so† (P. 12). Kitty almost treats Jenny like a servant, and Jenny is always accommodating.There is no reference made to Kitty ever having done any work, although West makes a strong point about Chris' father having acquired Baldly Court ND after his death Jenny informs us that Chris had Baldly Court re-built. Chris was more than financially capable of managing the property. Throughout the novel Kitty is portrayed by Jenny as being rather selfish, conceited, self-absorbed and contempt uous of the lower classes, which comes to the reader's attention when Kitty encounters Margaret. Jenny herself first Judges Margaret by her appearance â€Å"Her body was long and round and shapely' (P. 5) and â€Å"She was repulsively furred with neglect and poverty, as even a good glove that has dropped down behind a bed in a hotel and has lain undisturbed for a day or two† (P. 5) this represents the class difference but it seems it was Kitty's influence on Jenny's attitude that shaped Jenny's opinion of Margaret at first glance. It's apparent that Kitty is very superficial. Essentially Kitty couldn't understand for the life of her why Chris would want to be with Margaret when such a pretty woman like herself was available for him.The era has a lot to do with the novel, with regard to social status which was very prevalent at the time; a way in which social class is explored in the novel is through Margaret. Even though Margaret is first portrayed as a beggar in the novel i nstead of a sincere Oman with moral principles, Jenny assumed she was groveling and says â€Å"in which this woman butted like a clumsy animal at a gate she was not intelligent enough to open† (P. 31) here Margaret is compared to a dog, useless and inept.Again we see an example of Kitty's attitude towards who she considers to be of lower order where she says Mimi have read in the Harrow Observer or somewhere that my husband is at the front, and you have come to tell this story because you think that you will get some money. Vive read of such cases in the papers. † (P. 33) consequently as a result of Kitty attitude, Jenny felt as indifferent towards Margaret as Kitty did. Margarita's overall demeanor is one of a person who is polite, well-mannered, intelligent, caring, considerate and genuine.As we know Margaret is married as with â€Å"l suppose I ought to say that he isn't right in his head and I'm married-but Oh! † (P. 95). As the novel develops we can see Tana t Margaret Is ten savior AT snarls Ana Trot ten Sleekness AT her heart goes out of her way to be of assistance in his recovery. The class difference is highlighted indirectly when Margaret says cried Margaret, glowing. â€Å"She just have a lovely nature† (P. 96) she had no malice towards Kitty even after Kitty treated her no differently to one of her servants in Baldly Court, and this in effect shows Margarita's sincere nature.Although all three women struggle to understand Chris' predicament, Kitty was proven to be everything the reader interprets her to be, pompous with delusions of grandeur. Conversely, Jenny is the third party balancing between her cousin's wife and his ex lover who innocently sets out to please everyone. Margaret inevitably is concerned for Chris' health and recovery, and is the mediator at the end who suggests presenting Chris with belongings of his dead son, having lost a son herself of the same age as Oliver.Kitty's negative attitude persists through the novel but doesn't affect Margaret. When the items of Chris' dead son are shown to him by Margaret, his distant and cloudy outcome that has been created from his experiences of war suddenly disappear and he is â€Å"cured† of his amnesia and he returns to reality. Along with his recovered memory he puts Margaret in his past and now remembers Kitty as his wife so in turn the emotional interactions of characters in the story change. The irony is that all three women lost a person that they each Ovid in different ways.Keith Douglas Unary 24, 1920 – June 9, 1944), was an English poet who is known for his war poetry during World War II. Undeniably after reading The Complete Poems I get the impression that he has a negative attitude towards women. Additionally from researching his early days it is apparent that his mother struggled financially, and there is no mention of his father. I personally think that after reading about his ex partner Whinnying who refused to take his hand in marriage, and his failed relationship with Millennia Guttered Penny, may well have distorted his view of women which is sometimes reflected in his poetry.A reference to this assumption can be found in the poem ‘Cairo Jag' whereby Douglas is in a brothel and the poem opens with the line, â€Å"Shall I get drunk or cut myself a piece of cake†. His use of the term â€Å"piece of cake† in reference to the prostitutes around him adds to his obvious misogyny. He seems to suggest that women are deluded in thinking they are something they're not and uses very negative language towards them such as the women he sees on the streets of Cairo, â€Å"The women offering their children brown- paper breasts dry and twisted, elongated like the skull, Holiness's signature.At this point the poem sounds more like a rant, as if Douglas is disgusted rather than sympathetic for these women in such a state of poverty. The portrayal of women or in this case â€Å"woman† in an Egyptian Tea Garden, firstly she is seen as a fish. It is said the fish represents Christianity, and that different fish symbolism different things, but the fish in general holds a range of different symbolic meanings including femininity, eternity, happiness, creativity and knowledge. This is the essence of the poem; the fish is how the woman is presented. The poem is about a Dialectal woman Ana near power to seduce Ana annulated men AT any age.Douglas appears to be trying to demonstrate that woman have power too; The author uses metaphors and similes by comparing the woman â€Å"as a white stone† which represents purity, and men as fish â€Å"A cotton magnate/†¦ A crustacean† to show how man's behavior is like that of any other animal species or as conventional as fish. The poem could be arranged into four segments. The first stanza introduces the â€Å"sly' woman and her purposeful position as â€Å"she draws down the fish†. Douglas describes t he woman moving along into section two it is clear that it describes the witnesses which are men, and section three discloses which man she picks.The first section of the poem has a reasonably gentle tone which is maintained through the whole poem, describing a very beautiful woman. The second stanza introduces the second speaker of the poem which is the most â€Å"important fish†. Part two is sarcastic but natural, mixing the duties of the male with oceanic life. The third stanza introduces the men who gaze on the woman's beauty. It has a very strong, bitter undertone. It shows the woman is concerned with the wealth of the man she chooses rather than is beauty or personal qualities.The fourth stanza switches back to the original speaker of the poem and concludes the woman's choice to which one of the men she chooses or does not choose. The manner of the poem varies in the different sections and begins with a most intriguing title- â€Å"Behavior of Fish in an Egyptian Tea-G arden† which sounds somewhat like a documentary and quite disconnected, dry, cold and formal. The tone of the poem is interesting throughout, Douglas uses soft and delicate language in the first section, it consists of seven stanzas of four lines each.

Criteria for a good short story Essay

Does ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ meet your criteria for a good short story?  A short story is a work of fiction shorter than a novel or novelette, and is one of the oldest forms of literature. Some of the most famous short stories are ‘The Canterbury Tales’ by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th Century. However, before the 1800s short stories did not get much respect, and were seen as a poor relation of the novel. At around 1835, Edgar Allen Poe became the first writer to make the short story a distinct literary form. After this the popularity of this form of literature grew in popularity due to short stories being published in magazines and journals, becoming widely available. ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ was written by Arthur Conan Doyle in 1892. It was published as part of a book of twelve short stories, all in the crime genre. Conan Doyle was and still is famous for his crime stories involving the great detective, Sherlock Holmes. Before taking up professional writing, Conan Doyle was a doctor. The first of the Sherlock Holmes stories was ‘A Study in Scarlet’ and was published in 1887. The crime story genre was very popular in the 19th century, and many established writers wrote stories of this type. For example, Charles Dickens’ last, unfinished novel was ‘The Mystery of Edwin Drood.’ This was a murder mystery and so shows how popular the genre had become. For any short story to be successful, especially the crime genre, the correct authorial perspective must be chosen. In ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ the perspective is that of Dr Watson, looking back over a previous case. I think that this is effective because the reader is able to relate to Watson, as he is following Sherlock Holmes. Watson also learns of the clues at the same times as the reader, but doesn’t get an explanation. This creates tension and excitement and so the reader will read on to find out. For example, the reader knew there was a â€Å"dummy bell rope,† but it wasn’t until Holmes explained it that we found out its actual use. If the narrative perspective had of been from Sherlock Holmes point of view, there would be no tension as he worked out the clues very quickly. We know the when Holmes saw the bell rope was a dummy, it â€Å"instantly gave rise to the suspicion that the rope was there as a bridge for something passing through the hole and coming to the bed.† Another option Conan Doyle could have chosen would be to have an omniscient narrator, who would know everything going on and everyone’s feelings. This, also, would have reduced the tension and atmosphere in the story. The plot of ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ is that of a typical nineteenth Century crime story. A young woman, Helen Stoner, comes to see Sherlock Holmes, after the strange circumstances surrounding her sister’s death start to repeat themselves. Just before she got married, therefore getting her inheritance, she dies very mysteriously. Miss Stoner is very worried, and she is also set to be married. Holmes and Watson agree to help the young lady. However, before they set off for Stoke Moran, Dr Grimesby Roylott, Miss Stoner’s stepfather, pays them a visit and tries to threaten them into not going. This only encourages Holmes, who goes to the house, where he finds several clues in the bedrooms. Holmes decides to come back to the house at night and stay in Miss Stoner’s bedroom, to witness the strange events for himself. During the night, a snake crawls through the ventilator between Dr Roylott and Miss Stoner’s rooms. Holmes attacks it and it flees back, where it turns upon its owner, and kills him. As this is a short story, it should only have one main storyline, and this one does. If there was more than one then there would be little time for any development of plot at all. Conan Doyle, in ‘The Adventure of the Speckled Band’ gives enough information to sustain interest, but is also very selective about what is included in it. There are some events in the story that are not directly important to the plot, but create tension and suspense. The visit of Dr Roylott to Sherlock Holmes’ house is included for this reason. Dr Roylott describes himself as a â€Å"dangerous man to fall foul of,† so Holmes wants to get to the house even more quickly, as he fears for the safety of Miss Stoner. This also increases the pace of the story, and makes it more exciting. Conan Doyle uses various things throughout the story to keep the reader’s interest. Dr Grimesby Roylott is an unusual man, who used to live in Calcutta. He went to prison for after ‘he beat his native butler to death.’ When he returned home to England he had various ferocious quarrels, due to his ‘violence of temper approaching to mania.’ Dr Roylott also kept tropical animals, which also makes him an interesting character, and his violent temper is also typical of a nineteenth Century villain. Another factor that creates interest in the story is the amazing skills of deduction possessed by Sherlock Holmes. Watson notices ‘his quick, all-comprehensive glances’ when he first meets Miss Stoner. Holmes then goes on to deduce her exact journey, just from what he has seen. The reader is then anxious to see what he deduces from what Miss Stoner tells him about her circumstances.

Bulling and Cyberbulling

Bulling and cyber bulling is a huge issue in our society and the problem is increasing. According to the American Justice Department this month 1out of four children will be abused by another youth. And since the introduction of technology such as texting, emails and social media sites it has become allot easier for bullies to both bully and bully secretly and almost constantly. This essay will address the issue of both bullying, harassment and in particular cyber bullies.It will also suggest ways to cope with bulling According to schools. nsw. edu. au bullying is repeated verbal, physical, social or psychological behaviour that is harmful and involves the misuse of power by an individual or group towards one or more persons. The Department of Education and Early Childhood Development’s Building Respectful and Safe Schools (2010) identifies four types of bullying.These are: * Physical bullying -Physical bullying is bullying physically including hitting, kicking, tripping, pinc hing and pushing or damaging property. * Verbal bullying- Verbal bullying is bullying someone using words. For example-name calling, insults, teasing, intimidation, homophobic or racist remarks, or verbal abuse. * Covert bullying- Covert bullying is often harder to recognise and can be carried out behind the bullied person's back. It is designed to harm someone's social reputation and/or cause humiliation.Covert bullying includes: lying and spreading rumours, negative facial or physical gestures, menacing or contemptuous looks, playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate, mimicking unkindly, encouraging others to socially exclude someone and damaging someone's social reputation or social acceptance * Cyber bullying- Cyber bullying is overt or covert bullying behaviours using digital technologies. Examples include harassment via a mobile phone, setting up a defamatory personal website or deliberately excluding someone from social networking spaces. Cyber bullying can happen at any time.It can be in public or in private and sometimes only known to the target and the person bullying. Bulling is not mutual arguments and disagreements, single episodes of social rejection or dislike, single episode acts of nastiness or spite, random acts of aggression or intimidation. The standard definition for harassment is unwanted conduct on the grounds of race, gender, sexual orientation etc. which has the purpose or effect of either violating the claimant's dignity, or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for them.All bulling is harassment but not all harassment is bulling. Bulling has both short term and long term effects for the victims. Although severe long term effects can be avoided by stopping bulling as early as possible. The short term effects can include issues at school (i. e. lower academic achievement), depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and los s of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood.In extreme cases bullied children may also have suicidal tendencies. Long term effects can include: a greater risk of depression and lower self-esteem later in later life, more likely to have problems with alcohol and drug use and it is more likely they will have suicidal thoughts Demonstrating assertive behaviour when bullied or harassed can often help reduce bulling. Assertive behaviour is not aggressive. It’s saying things in a direct and honest way. Saying things such as stop it, I don’t like it and what you’re saying isn’t very nice please stop.If you are being bullied or harassed the most important thing to do is tell someone. People like a trusted adult such as a teacher, councillor or parent are all good to tell. If all else fails call a kids or bulling helpline such the kids helpline on 1800 55 1800. Cyber bullying is when a child, preteen or teen is tormented , threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child, preteen or teen using the Internet, interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones.It has to have a minor on both sides, or at least have been instigated by a minor against another minor. Once adults become involved, it is plain and simple cyber-harassment or cyber stalking. Adult cyber-harassment or cyber stalking is NEVER called cyber bullying. The actions of a cyber-bully are biasedly verbal bulling over technology. This is includes messaging on a social site, email and texting. There is no way to completely avoid cyber bullies unless you pretty much stop using the computer.But there are things you can do to lessen the chance of being cyber bullied. Firstly if you think you might be being cyber bullied then talk to a trusted adult. Secondly if the bulling is happening over social networking sites then most sites give you the option to block people. If it’s over the phone then tal k to your parents about getting a new number. Bibliography http://ncab. org. au/fourkindsofbullying/ 24/8/12 http://www. stopbullying. gov/at-risk/effects/index. html#suicide 24/8/12 http://library. hinkquest. org/07aug/00117/bullyingconsequences. html 24/8/12 http://www. cyberbullying. info/ http://au. reachout. com/Factsheets/C/Cyberbullying http://www. cybersmart. gov. au/Kids/Tips%20to%20stay%20safe%20and%20cybersmart/Cyberbullying. aspx http://www. bullyingnoway. gov. au/ http://www. bullying. com. au/ http://www. youthbeyondblue. com/factsheets-and-info/fact-sheet-20-bullying/ http://www. stopbullying. gov/at-risk/effects/index. htmlhttp://www. racgp. org. au/afp/201103/201103carrgregg. pdf Bulling and Cyberbulling Bulling and cyber bulling is a huge issue in our society and the problem is increasing. According to the American Justice Department this month 1out of four children will be abused by another youth. And since the introduction of technology such as texting, emails and social media sites it has become allot easier for bullies to both bully and bully secretly and almost constantly. This essay will address the issue of both bullying, harassment and in particular cyber bullies.It will also suggest ways to cope with bulling According to schools. nsw. edu. au bullying is repeated verbal, physical, social or psychological behaviour that is harmful and involves the misuse of power by an individual or group towards one or more persons. The Department of Education and Early Childhood Development’s Building Respectful and Safe Schools (2010) identifies four types of bullying.These are: * Physical bullying -Physical bullying is bullying physically including hitting, kicking, tripping, pinc hing and pushing or damaging property. * Verbal bullying- Verbal bullying is bullying someone using words. For example-name calling, insults, teasing, intimidation, homophobic or racist remarks, or verbal abuse. * Covert bullying- Covert bullying is often harder to recognise and can be carried out behind the bullied person's back. It is designed to harm someone's social reputation and/or cause humiliation.Covert bullying includes: lying and spreading rumours, negative facial or physical gestures, menacing or contemptuous looks, playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate, mimicking unkindly, encouraging others to socially exclude someone and damaging someone's social reputation or social acceptance * Cyber bullying- Cyber bullying is overt or covert bullying behaviours using digital technologies. Examples include harassment via a mobile phone, setting up a defamatory personal website or deliberately excluding someone from social networking spaces. Cyber bullying can happen at any time.It can be in public or in private and sometimes only known to the target and the person bullying. Bulling is not mutual arguments and disagreements, single episodes of social rejection or dislike, single episode acts of nastiness or spite, random acts of aggression or intimidation. The standard definition for harassment is unwanted conduct on the grounds of race, gender, sexual orientation etc. which has the purpose or effect of either violating the claimant's dignity, or creating an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for them.All bulling is harassment but not all harassment is bulling. Bulling has both short term and long term effects for the victims. Although severe long term effects can be avoided by stopping bulling as early as possible. The short term effects can include issues at school (i. e. lower academic achievement), depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating patterns, and los s of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood.In extreme cases bullied children may also have suicidal tendencies. Long term effects can include: a greater risk of depression and lower self-esteem later in later life, more likely to have problems with alcohol and drug use and it is more likely they will have suicidal thoughts Demonstrating assertive behaviour when bullied or harassed can often help reduce bulling. Assertive behaviour is not aggressive. It’s saying things in a direct and honest way. Saying things such as stop it, I don’t like it and what you’re saying isn’t very nice please stop.If you are being bullied or harassed the most important thing to do is tell someone. People like a trusted adult such as a teacher, councillor or parent are all good to tell. If all else fails call a kids or bulling helpline such the kids helpline on 1800 55 1800. Cyber bullying is when a child, preteen or teen is tormented , threatened, harassed, humiliated, embarrassed or otherwise targeted by another child, preteen or teen using the Internet, interactive and digital technologies or mobile phones.It has to have a minor on both sides, or at least have been instigated by a minor against another minor. Once adults become involved, it is plain and simple cyber-harassment or cyber stalking. Adult cyber-harassment or cyber stalking is NEVER called cyber bullying. The actions of a cyber-bully are biasedly verbal bulling over technology. This is includes messaging on a social site, email and texting. There is no way to completely avoid cyber bullies unless you pretty much stop using the computer.But there are things you can do to lessen the chance of being cyber bullied. Firstly if you think you might be being cyber bullied then talk to a trusted adult. Secondly if the bulling is happening over social networking sites then most sites give you the option to block people. If it’s over the phone then tal k to your parents about getting a new number. Bibliography http://ncab. org. au/fourkindsofbullying/ 24/8/12 http://www. stopbullying. gov/at-risk/effects/index. html#suicide 24/8/12 http://library. hinkquest. org/07aug/00117/bullyingconsequences. html 24/8/12 http://www. cyberbullying. info/ http://au. reachout. com/Factsheets/C/Cyberbullying http://www. cybersmart. gov. au/Kids/Tips%20to%20stay%20safe%20and%20cybersmart/Cyberbullying. aspx http://www. bullyingnoway. gov. au/ http://www. bullying. com. au/ http://www. youthbeyondblue. com/factsheets-and-info/fact-sheet-20-bullying/ http://www. stopbullying. gov/at-risk/effects/index. htmlhttp://www. racgp. org. au/afp/201103/201103carrgregg. pdf

Does lupron provide a better outcome for first line treatment in Thesis

Does lupron provide a better outcome for first line treatment in advanced prostate cancer - Thesis Example Introduction In spite of all the dramatic advances in the understanding of disease processes, medical science and medical technologies, cancer remains a disease of special focus in present times, because of the challenges that it continues to pose as a life threatening disease. Most of the cancer diseases tend to be chronic, with a strong possibility of causing the death of the individual, yet take years to develop, before presenting any signs and symptoms of the disease. There is limited clarity in how cancer diseases develop and the exact etiology of most cancers is yet to be clearly defined. Treatment of many cancers involves employing repeated interventions and multiple approaches at the different stages of the disease. The treatment strategy in many of the cancer diseases is more of hope at curing the patients and with the more definite aim of managing the disease, so as to extend the period of survival, with better quality of life in terms of comfort alertness, and function. In the United States of America (U.S.A) the disease of cancer continues to remain a major concern in society, as many of the modern diseases show a declining trend, bit in the case of the cancer diseases more people are developing the disease over the few decades (Grenwald, 2002). Prostate cancer is a cancer that affects the male gender only. Widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is used in U.S.A. to detect prostate cancer, while it is clinically localized, so that the many forms of interventions available for the early stage of prostate cancer may be used in an attempt to cure the patient of the disease. Yet, many patients still present themselves in hospitals demonstrating evidence of progressive, metastatic, or recurrent prostate cancer. Limited effective treatment strategies are possible in advanced prostate cancer, and in many of the cases, the disease progresses to the palliative care stage. In 2008, 28,660 men died in the U.S.A from prostate cancer, making it the most common malignant disease in men. This statistic points to the need for identifying the treatment strategies that provide the best outcomes for advanced prostate cancer in men, so as to improve the outcome for these patients (Phillips & Petrylak, 2010). 2. Literature Review 2.1. Development of Prostrate Cancer Every cancer has been found to be associated or suspected of association with risk factors. In the case of prostate cancer, evidence from studies have shown that the environmental exposures and dietary nutrients, family history, advancement in age and hormonal factors in conjunction act to alter the genetic architecture in the individual, supporting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The use of epidemiological data emphasizes the possibility of environmental factors in the development of prostate cancer. For example, Asians as a racial group are less prone to prostate cancer, for which their poor hygiene and diet are believed to be the cause. This can be s een from Asian migrants in the

Public-key cryptography and information security Essay

Public-key cryptography and information security - Essay Example Public Key Cryptography (PKC) uses a key with two elements, a "public key" and a "private key", for the implementation of an encryption algorithm that doesn't require two parties (sender and receiver) to first exchange a secret key in an attempt to carry out the process of communication. In this scenario, the public key part is used for encryption entirely at the receiver side, whose private key part is applied for decryption. However, in order to make this communication safe it is necessary to make sure that only the intended receiver is able to access the private part of the key. Moreover, this concept is also used in elegant implementation of digital signatures (Tschabitscher, 2011) and (Adleman, Rivest, Shamir, & Williamson, 2010). Public key cryptography is considered as extremely protected for the reason that it does not require a secret common key between the receiver and sender. However, other encryption methods and technologies that utilize a single common key to both decryp t and encrypt information depend mutually on both parties (sender and receiver) in order to make a decision about a key ahead of time exclusive of other parties finding what that key is (Kayne, 2011). The most important benefit of PKC is its excellent security and ease of use. In addition, PKC is very useful in implementing secure algorithms since there is need to have an identical key for both parties (sender and the receiver).

Safety And Danger Of GM Food Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Safety And Danger Of GM Food - Essay Example Using findings from studies that have been conducted and an analysis of the genetic makeup and the number of chromosomes of various organisms, this paper will establish facts about the concept of genetic mutations. It will examine and establish the facts behind the allegation that genetic engineering techniques are the reason behind the increased number of cancer cases globally. Cancer is caused by the existence and persistent growth of cells which are unregulated. It occurs where there is an unregulated growth of cells after cell division in a certain area of the body and the cancerous cells are capable of spreading to other parts of the body. The concept that genetically modified foods are carcinogenic is disputed because the predisposing factors to cancer are vast and their scope is not well understood by experts. Arguments for the case are for the opinion that the genetic composition of humans could be altered the same way that of plants is altered by the introduction of foreign genes thus causing the growth of cancerous cells. Even though there are scientists who see it as baseless, some have still gone ahead and conducted a number of experiments to determine the real effects of genetically modified foods have been conducted using rats. In this particular experiment, a group of rats is fed on a lifelong diet of some of the best selling genetically modified corn while the control experiment was fed with normal nongenetically modified meals. A report by Poulter, 2012, on the studies conducted showed that the rats that were fed with genetically modified corn developed tumors and some of their organs stopped functioning properly. 65 percent of them had developed tumors by the twenty-fourth month. On the other hand, the tumor rate of the rats that had been fed with normal food was at thirty percent (Poulter, web).

Moral judgement from utilitarianism's point of view and my own Essay

Moral judgement from utilitarianism's point of view and my own - Essay Example In this case, utilitarian reasoning will definitely through many people into confusion and they will find themselves in dilemmas when they are supposed to make decisions especially decisions concerning human life. Here is a case where a runway trolley is just about to kill five people. However, the runway trolley can be sidetracked using a switch and in this situation it will only kill one person and save the rest. As a person making the decision, what is the right thing to do? Because utilitarian theory suggests that, our decision must maximize the overall good, then the switch must be switched in order to kill one person and save the five. However, the big question is whether this is morally right addition to this, utilitarian theory requires that we put the interest of the group first and not the individual. This is because individuals possess a different degree of pleasure and pain. The moral rule for utilitarian are more general than ones specific moral judgment and it`s cannot be equated with any of the ethical principles since it will results to the greatest happiness only to greatest number of people but fails to consider the welfare and happiness of the minority. However, utilitarianism still demands and does all that is required to save the greatest number of lives in the runway trolley incident. It`s better to save and salvage the lives of more people than to only save one live. This will definitely cause lesser pain as far as the number of people that were to be affected by this runway trolley tragedy is concerned. When the runway trolley is sidetracked using a switch and so it kills one person the utilitarianism argument is achieved in full force which, in this case, is the morally right thing to do. However, according to my own point of view, I slightly differ with the utilitarian point of view. While utilitarianism advocates for maximizing the good for the majority, I strongly feel the need and good for the minority can supersede the majority`s n eed for good. If the son of God was a utilitarian, it would have been worthless for Him to look for the lost sheep and bring it back home. Besides, if the father of the prodigal son in the bible was also a utilitarian, he would have not considered and get bothered bringing his son back home. Well my point is that utilitarianism only does what it takes to scarify the good of the minority in favor for the good of majority which is, in my opinion, is against my belief as a Christian and strong follower of Jesus and His teachings. In the runway trolley incident, they would have not sidetracked the runway trolley using a switch to kill the individual but instead they would have left nature and fate to dictate the finally ending of the tragedy. Although utilitarianism will make many people happy, I will have acted in the interest of many people but what makes other people happy is not what makes me happy. Our degree of happiness is different. Therefore, my own point of view concerning thi s incident was to let the runway trolley kill whoever it will kill and spare whoever it will spare. This was the moral thing to do in this case according to my moral rule even though the utilitarianism reasoning and advocacy does not require and demands that . Even though the utilitarian point of view requires that pleasure be sought and therefore in this case, it will be

Governmental Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Governmental Accounting - Essay Example A decrease in the pension plan funding implies the plan’s liabilities are more than the assets. In the short term the funds may get sufficient contributions and revenues to meet the requirement for paying scheduled benefits but this may only take some years. This may not take long and so In the long run the pension must eventually address the shortfalls. This will mean the pension plans seek more funding in order to cater for the surplus in liabilities and this most probably is in the form of increased contributions by the government. An increase in contributions by government would mean either an increase in taxes or reduction of services by the government to the citizens (Elmendorf, 2011). 2. A city manager was overheard saying, "Since we dont release them to the public, I dont see any value in taking the time to prepare interim reports." Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement. Companies prepare financial reports and issue to the public, creditors and investors in order to give a picture of the firm’s financial position and performance for specific periods. The reports therefore in my opinion give very useful information for persons external to the company; the reports generally show profitability, asset & debt positions, revenues, usage of cash as well as what the owners have invested over the period. Interim reports are prepared for time spans less than a year and can be used temporarily to analyze the firm’s financial standing until that time when consolidated yearly statements are made available. The reports are produced on a quarterly or semi-annual basis though some firms commonly give monthly reports to their creditors for purposes of securing loans. As such therefore the interim reports may not be required for reporting purposes but are important to investors, public, suppliers and more importantly banks for credit scoring reasons. I do not agree with the statement for the reasons stated above and the fact that

How hubris and empathy are exhibited in all 3 short stories Essay

How hubris and empathy are exhibited in all 3 short stories - Essay Example Three short stories are presented in this paper written by some of the well-known short story writers of our time: The Birthmark by Nathaniel Hawthorne; Killings by Andre Dubus, and; Good Country People by Flannery O’Connor. In all these short stories, the theme of hubris and empathy are so interwoven with each other that one would not have much impact without the presence of the other. The short story Good Country People pits hubris and empathy, albeit largely pretended, between two of its major characters. One is a 32-year old girl who, embittered by an incident that took one of her legs when she was still a child, pursued higher learning and used it to shield herself from the agony of being different. She adopted a haughty and condescending attitude towards those who are simple and less bright fancying herself to be beyond them. Stomping around defiantly with a wooden leg attached to one of her legs, she is deprecating, for example, against the simplicity and naivetà © of others even towards her good-natured mother. Her arrogance was put to a test when she met the other character, a supposedly Bible salesman, who she disparagingly refers to as one of those ‘good country people’ whose â€Å"naivetà ©Ã¢â‚¬  she is planning to exploit. What initially attracted her to the young man was his claim that he is suffering from a heart ailment, a condition she is also suffering and which has compelled her to stay home rather than put her PhD to use teaching in universities. This makes her feel that she is sharing something in common with him and additionally, despite his ‘ingenuousness’ he seems to understand the importance she attaches to her artificial limb. However, instead of her playing the young man, it turned out that she is the one being played by him. Confident that she is in control, she allowed him to lure her to a secluded barn with the plan

Final Paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Final - Term Paper Example It even takes place among homosexual partners also. Every year, every corner of the world; many cases of domestic violence come in focus and some of them are suppressed within the four walls of the house. Many reasons are there which compel them to hide the abuse, and one very common reason is that they are feared of spoiling the family status. The major target in domestic violence is most of the time women. The children suffered a lot and they are crushed physically and mentally and consequently it creates a long-lasting trauma in their life. â€Å"Behind closed doors, or hidden beneath a blanket of silence,  domestic violence bruises the lives of an estimated four million people every year – the overwhelming majority of them women– and impacts expanding circles of millions more: children, relatives, friends, employers.†(Rosen Lee) Domestic violence further results to another social problem and it is the broken and shaking marriage institute, which is one of t he pillars of healthy society. Each country has its laws regarding domestic violence. Divorce and domestic violence may or may not be concerned with each other. Divorce is like a legal aid to the person who has been the victim of domestic violence. Yet divorce has many other causes and so it is the separate issue to be discussed. The consequences of domestic violence are very dreadful and everyone involved in this incident has to suffer a lot. The small children in such families are likely to continue the same legacy to the next generation. There are number of books, movies and research articles, which have thrown light on this atrocious act of domestic violence. It is a widely discussed topic for many psychologists and sociologists, who have researched on these two topics. The paper also aims at throwing the light on one of the stigmatic issue, domestic violence. The issue has been discussed with the example of a

Investment between China and Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investment between China and Africa - Essay Example The researcher states that many studies have shown that China is currently the major destination of foreign direct investment from many parts of the world. However, Chinese have also been aggressive in making investments in other foreign countries with African region being their major target. Just like many other developed countries, China has been engaged in a vicious competition with other countries like the USA and other developed European countries like the United Kingdom in the scramble for resources in Africa. This has been attributed by the fact that Africa is currently the leading continent with so much untapped potential that includes unexploited natural resources and availability of abundant business opportunities resulting from the undeveloped nature of most of its countries. This has made governments of various states apply different strategies in order to have at least a significant pie in these developing economies, one being creating good relationships. China is one of the giant economies in the world today has been applying all means possible in luring African countries to enter into treaties and good business relations, a factor that has made some of the major Chinese companies establish their operations in Africa. Some studies have shown that China is the leading bilateral trade partner with Africa, a two-way trade that has dramatically been growing in the past two decades through the major growth has experienced in the last one decade. In the year 2011, the bilateral trade between China and Africa is estimated to be over US$166 billion from US$10.6 billion in the year 2000. This growth can only be termed as incredible and is likely to grow at an even higher rate in the coming years.

John Booth and Frederick Weyerhaeuser Essay Example for Free

John Booth and Frederick Weyerhaeuser Essay American lumber industry in the 19th century. They are very contrasting characters that appear to have nothing in common. They are from different parts of the world; Booth is Canadian and Weyerhaeuser is German. They did not share the same faith or educational background. Booth was Presbyterian and went to a local county school. Weyerhaeuser was Protestant and went to a Lutheran school till the age of fourteen. One might look at them and presume that they were different from each other as night and day. However, when looking at such influential characters, it is unimaginable not to notice their striking similarities. They were brought up on farms and their families did not own much wealth. They were both exposed to work at a young age and possessed a knack for business. There may be a common misconception that one must be well-educated or come from a wealthy family or have a defined list of qualities to be a successful entrepreneur. Contrary to that belief business activity transcends social class, faith, educational and family background, and the success of an entrepreneur depends on sheer passion and drive. Business leaders are susceptible to the volatility of the business market and make decisions based on their managerial style and personality. In this essay, I will compare the business careers of John R. Booth and Frederick Weyerhaeuser, and illustrate how they became the ‘Kings of the Lumber Industry’. With little or no capital in his hands, John R. Booth ventured out of his hometown. John Booth went to the state of Vermont and found a job as a carpenter at the Central Vermont Railway where he would help build bridges. He also dabbled in construction work of a paper mill and a saw mill near Hull. He got his first taste of business at this saw mill since the owner, Andrew Leamy, appointed him as the manager. After Booth left this job he went on to start his own business and thus became an entrepreneur. Booth’s first business venture was a small machine shop that he bought but it was tragically burned down after 8 months. He next bought a mill and installed two shingle machines but the landlord wanted to raise the rent by the end of the year and Booth refused to continue his business there. He then came to Ottawa in 1854 with his wife where he discovered an unused mill in Chaudiere Island and started his business again. In 1859 he received a contract to supply timber and lumber for the Parliament buildings. This contract was a success and a climatic point in Booth’s life; it provided him with the financial support he needed to widen his business. After his partnership with Albert W. Soper, an American lumberman, he bought more mills. He began to get a reputation of being a reliable businessman and this helped him get further capital. In 1867 he was able to buy pineries on the Madawaska River with the financial back-up from the Bank of British North America. In 1879 Booth came to the aid of the Canada Atlantic Railway. This move eased his lumber business in several ways, the major advantage being shipping . Thus the man who once had a capital of $9 in his pocket had now become a multi-millionaire. J. R. Booth was reputable for many things during his time. One among them is his managerial style. He was a very hands-on boss and an autocratic leader. Booth kept away from political matters that were not pertinent to the industrial side of the economy. There are nuances to Booth’s character that are not readily perceived when looking upon his rugged personality. He was an autocratic leader but he cared for his workers; he paid them their full wages even though there was a strike in July 1910. He had a sort of humility to his personality. He did not consider himself superior and would prefer to supervise the workers rather than stay in the office. He was not fond of public attention and refused to attend his granddaughter’s wedding to Prince Erik, the Danish prince. Despite J. R. Booth’s discreet personality he still received the highest regard in the society. The former prime minister, Arthur Meighen, had said that Booth’s â€Å"quiet generosity, and his sincerity made him an outstanding gentleman among his fellows†. In contrast to John R. Booth, we now look at the work and personality of Frederick Weyerhaeuser respectively. Weyerhaeuser had been 18 when he moved to America from Germany in 1852. He settled in Erie County, Pennsylvania after he landed in America with his mother and sister. He got his first job at a brewery and then later at a farm. He moved to the Rocky Island where he got the job of night fireman at a sawmill. He got his first breakthrough here when he was appointed the position of manager when the owners opened a new lumber yard. In 1860, Weyerhaeuser formed a partnership with his wife’s brother-in-law, Frank C. A. Denkmann. Weyerhaeuser acquired a sawmill situated on land along the Mississippi River. Weyerhaeuser and his partner took on sixteen other partners to form the Mississippi River Logging Company and by 1870 he was elected president of this company. Weyerhaeuser saw the prospect of lumber companies in the West and opened the Weyerhaeuser Timber Company which had its headquarters in Tacoma, Washington. Weyerhaeuser had more of a participative managerial style and his business prospered through his many partnerships with his fellow businessmen. He was head of the Weyerhaeuser Syndicate, which had a hundred fellow wealthy businessmen dealing in timber. Weyerhaeuser had a keen sense of business and acquired businesses which he thought had potential. He gained the trust of his fellow partners and along with that the financial support that he needed. However, Weyerhaeuser made bold business purchases which were not always supported. He bought vast amounts of land from the Northern Pacific Railway. This was seen as a risky investment at a time when the market was unpredictable and dwindling. This risky move became a success, surprisingly, and it is estimated that by the time Weyerhaeuser passed away he had $30,000,000 in his possession. Weyerhaeuser prided himself on being one of the few honest businessmen there was. He taught his sons the same values he held. Weyerhaeuser had lost his father at a young age and always took after his family members from a young age. From this grew a seed of a paternalistic leader who preferred to work with others instead of ruling over them. His work was his only focus in life and he did not stray into politics or desire public attention. Influential pioneers like John Rudolphus Booth and Frederic Weyerhaeuser amassed their wealth around the same point in history. They had a different manner of approaching their work and with people at work. Both were not born to luxury but a life of hardship. Perhaps that has made all the difference in their ambition and perseverance in business endeavours. They are exemplary of the lifetime achievement that hard work can culminate to. A strong work ethic and clear vision defy the rules of boundaries set by poverty or family background. At a time when the wealthy were at the top of the social ladder and owned most of the businesses and financial assets, two aspirational men who had grown up on farms defied all the preconceptions of society. They had the perfect outlet: business. Business cannot be shaped by a single factor. It has the power to make a pauper out of a rich man, and a rich man a pauper. One very mportant lesson can be learnt in the study of the â€Å"Lumber Kings†: One can become a king by one’s actions as much as by one’s lineage.

Assignment On Human Resource Planning Business Essay

Assignment On Human Resource Planning Business Essay INTRODUCTION: In organisation it is necessary that they have enough employees and the perfect people at the right position for right time. Human Resource Planning consists of a series of activities such as Forecasting of manpower requirement in future, making an inventory of present manpower resource. Manpower planning is essential for identifying areas in which there is shortage of personnel or the areas for surplus of personnel. It is the process by which an organisation can identify the requirement of human resource. It also include that quality of employees. Human resource planning is describe as the existing staffs are the right staff to do the jobs in organisation. Some other points include planning for staff retention, planning for candidate search, training and skills analysis and much more. There are Problem of anticipating manpower by protecting manpower resource in to future, organisation have to do planning for the necessary programs of requirement, selection, training development to ensure that future manpower requirements are properly met. Human Resource Planning is necessary for some reason which is Effective manpower planning is required for every organisation to carry on the work efficiently. It is essential to change people who have grown old or retire because of that they cant do work they are suffering from dieses. Human Resource Planning is important because of changing the labour turnover that arises from social economical factors which include promotions, marriage, etc. Because of rising standards of living large quantities of goods are required by which human resource planning is not avoidable by any organisation. The present scenario is changed as the needs of technology production. Process of human resource planning:- Human resource manager has to first understand the requirement of business and demand of employees. After understanding of business requirement manager can identified the scope and nature of business so he can able to select actual employees who will fit to the requirement of future demand. Manager has good experience for selecting employees because manager is able to identify the talent of candidate so they are able to complete target of future. Designing the Management Structure:- The first step of human resource planning process is designing management structure. The main purpose of this step is for managing employees in organisation. But this step is to do as carefully and do with some experts. In this steps organisation has to designed its structure of management and organisation has to do planning for human resource for future. If organisation will change some technology or use some modern technology then organisation has enough human resource. Analysis of Environment The third step is to analysis the environment of human resource management. Manager of organisation should have to understand current environment as internal and external environment. Internal environment include some factor which are related with organisation. There are some other data like short term and long term strategies of organisation and plans for future. External environment include some information regarding to economy of country, same industry in market, modern technology, prevailing competition in market, rate of unemployment. Forecast the Demand of Human Resource. Forecasting human resource demand is important for any organisation. The main purpose for demand forecast is to determine the demand of employees in future. Organisation has to do forecasting with very carefully because it is planning for future requirement. Organisation has to prepare for future uncertainty because there will be create demand for employees in future so for that organisation has to appointed some experts for more accuracy. Analysing Supply of Human Recruiter can hire employees from internal and external sources. Recruiter can select some method for selecting employees like skill inventories method which is used for restore records of internal supply. It may be manually or computerized system. Inventory method recorded some information regarding employees skills and their ability to do work. Organisation has to analysis the supply of human resource because employees are the main for any activity of organisation. If human resource is not good then organisation can compete in recent competition. Reconciliation and Planning: Reconciliation and Planning is the final step of Human resource Planning. After collecting all the data Organisation analysis that and then doing planning for developing action plans that are acceptable by top management and employees of organisation. These plans are helpful for every employee for understanding their works. Planning is very essential for every organisation because these planning is base on future. Business Definition for strategic Capability: The Strategic capability can be defined as the resources and competences of an organisation needed for it to survive and prosper. The ability to perform at the level required to survive and prosper. The concept of capabilities in strategic management is appealing because it suggests that a companys competitiveness depends on how it does what it does, not only what market it is in. To me and most others with an engineering background this is totally obvious. Any theory that suggests otherwise seems highly implausible and is also rejected by numerous examples of companies with strong and unique engineering skills that manage to create a market for themselves based on their own capabilities. It involves identifying the capacity which are durable and competitors find difficult to imitate or obtain. At the risk of over generalisation, it is unusual for competitive advantage to be explainable by differences in the tangible resources of organisations, since from many time these can usually be imitated or traded. The main advantage is more likely to be determined in which resources are deployed to create competences in the organisations activities. So expanding the earlier definition, core competences are likely to be the skills and abilities to link activities or processes through which resources are deployed so as to achieve competitive advantage. It is under depended by the resources and competences of the organisation. It should be clear by now that the search for strategic capability that provides sustainable competitive advantage is not direct. The concept of strategic capability and integration is quit hard to understand so it does not work properly. In international business some organisational managers should not know about the requirement of strategic capability because strategic capability does not have perfect concept and it is not on the based on concept. Strategic capability is not actual but most of organisation preferred that because it helps for preparing future planning and that is very important feature and strategic capability give suggestion about human requirement. Resource and Competence-based Strategy: The main objective of organisation is satisfying their customers needs. This is a important strategy in existing market for different products. This strategy helps organisation for find out opportunities and strengths. Organisation can find out SWOT analysis it means Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Resource and competence-based strategy give correct picture of organisation situation. In which it covers firms strengths and weaknesses and other threats and opportunities. Strength and Weakness are related with inside of the organisation and threats and Opportunities are related with outside of organisation. And that is partly because there are few pragmatic methods which are helpful for managers to see references. However the achievement of your business objectives is totally dependent on your strengths and weaknesses. It is to do with the resources of each company have enough equipment and proper knowledge so they can reduce lead time. Organisation has to improve their unique resources and managing them effectively and try to remove their weaknesses so organisation can improve their competitive position. The resource base an organisation includes tangible and human assets as well as capability which the organisation controls. This strategy is mainly concentrates on the individual for each firm that is main point which can differ organisation from other competitors. This strategy is helpful for organisation to distinguish from other and that is make competitive advantage. Dynamic Capabilities: The concept of dynamic capability includes the capacity with which to identify the need or opportunity for change, formulate a response to such a need or opportunity, and implement a course of action. Dynamic capability took the form of organisational process. Dynamic capability consists of patterned organisational behaviour that companies can invoke on a repeated rather than idiosyncratic basis. A dynamic capability is the capacity of an organisation to purposefully create, extend, or modify its resource base. Dynamic capability is very important strategic analysis tool. The definition of dynamic capability does not apply for profit and not for profit organisation. It also applies to newly formed and new developed organisation. This concept is arise from a key shortcoming of the resource-based view of the firm. Dynamic capabilities consider some points which consider they are integrated within the firm, how resources are developed. Dynamic capabilities are essential to fill these gaps by adopting some approach for resources in organisation and the changing business environment. Dynamic resources are very helpful in firm to adjust its resource mix and maintain the sustainability of the firms competitive advantage. Strategy Implementation By Human Resource:- In Recent Year, business Trial and error have gradually allowed HR to carve its niche in the business world; HR has proven that it is especially useful in the innovative development of organizational strategy. The time has change from Human Resource professionals to leave the past strategy-development and put their plans into action. The Human Resources are like as the ambiguous child of the Marketing and the Capitalism. The HR department has been always a pointed out something confusion which companies has to struggle to discover the best ways for utilize its such a value. The implement of strategy is a key element of the business for success, and HR is positioned to pioneer the realization such strategies. Linking business strategy and HR strategy The People who are recruited in an organization who are helpful for creating the business culture. They can essential to show the enterprises positions and make them different from other competitors. The quality of HRs plays a important role in the success of small and medium organization. There is only man who does the production and makes working efficiency, who boosts the working quality of enterprises. Men are not like other resources such as finance or assets, human resource are the very significant factor which builds up an enterprise and lead the enterprise development when financial resource is just the means to gain the targets prepared by enterprises. . With the help of careful selection and good management, human resources of organisation can be the key point of business success. And in visa a versa it can be the greatest risk. GAP Analysis The primary step is to decide that what the difference between actual performance and desired performance is. Gap analysis is tools for measuring differences of performance. In organisation manager can come to know that what actual difference for performance of employees so manager can take some effective steps for more improvement. The process in which can involve the identification of gaps between the current state and the future. This gap analysis can change in sophistication and complexity from some very simple averages and complex for regression analysis. The gap analysis is the process that can be used to ensure the improvement process does not move from identification of problem areas to proposed solutions without understanding the conditions that created the current state. It is desired state for beginning point of implementation of organisation improvement process. Every organization wants to be successful must have a welled structured in a way for analyzing data, gathering data and doing gap analysis. HR Strategy Business Effectiveness:- Managers tend to become clearer about how the company runs. HR needs to be accountable for conducting an organizational audit. Audit helps identify which components of the architecture should be changed in order to facilitate strategy execution. HR professionals have a unique set of perspectives and knowledge to bring to the strategy- creation, but even more important is what they could bring to the strategy-implementation. The role of HR as a strategic partner is to identify methods for renovating the parts of the organizational architecture that need it. For effective strategies HR should define an organizations architecture. In other words, it should identify the underlying model of the company. The architecture is a mix of structure, systems, styles, skills, rewards, processes, people, and shared values After the architecture is defined it needs to be articulated explicitly without such clarity. The marketplace has always published for companies that do not manifest the promise of their strategic intentions. In Human Resource manager should be assignees to take the lead in proposing, creating, and debating best practice that can help implementing strategies. Human resource must take stock of its own work and set clear priorities. At any time in the human resource, staff might have several initiatives in its sights, such as pay-for-performance, and action-learning development experiences, global team work. But to be truly to business outcomes, HR needs to join forces with line managers to continuously assess the impact and importance of each one of these initiatives. Organisational Development:- The holistic approach used for facilitate of the development of your organisational development strategy so that it effectively supports your business mission and vision. The approach of organisational development strategy development is typically assessment with the organisational development implications of your business strategy. Organisation culture has some holistic approach for the development of strategy development that ensures your organisation development. Strategy is effectively integrated with your business strategy. It will build your peoples understanding of your organizational strategy and it ensures that your business should have some adequate and effective ownership and support for the strategy. It helps you arrive at an organizational development strategy which aligns your organizational and human resource systems and processes with your business strategy. This is followed by an identification of the current state of the relevant organizational systems and processes and the commitment of the peoples actualizing attributes. The holistic approach to organizational development strategy development is influenced by key organizational development important Principles. Recruitment and selection Organization will not offer the commitment and flexibility because of many organisations are not in good condition. Managers and supervisors will have to spend more extra time on recruitment process which is needed in the first place is a systematic process to assess the role of recruiter, and the type of skills and abilities needed to fill and qualified for this process. Selection method is very important for any organisation so it may be give more concentration. Selection methods will be objective, reliable, and protected against bias. The main is Essential and desirable requirements for roles will be published in the role profile and person specification. The selection process normally consists on paper or short list and if successful than applicants are invited to interview. Some positions may require additional assessments like task/test or assessment centre. In case, details will be included in the application pack. There are any test used will have been validated in relation to the job, free of bias and the administered and assessed by a suitably competent persons. All members of recruitment panels will have received guidance/briefing on recruitment and selection techniques. Diversity The main important is existence of differences in physical capabilities, class, color, age, sex, sexual orientation, and social and political backgrounds. It is a identification of individuality, differences and variety of people working together as a whole and not put any differences which divide them. There is only one problem that some people may feel uncomfortable if they are the person from a certain minority group and have been clearly employed in organisation and they have problem related to some minority of their group. Diversity is not meaning of complex idea. Diversity means having a mixed community of people from all different of place in the society. Generally diversity and a diverse community include peoples who want to see all of them in minority groups represented in that community. These companies will have a staff which include different people of all religions, sexualities, and different ages. Diversity can also apply in organisations as well as communities of the organisation. It is illegal to discriminate against someone based on their minority group, but some companies and employers actually want as diversity committed in the organisation. How Cultural affect in recruitment selection: Requirement and selection is required for the issues in disability and training to staff for knowledgeable for the need of disability. Framework of culture can be defined as practices of recruitment and organisational management. It can be explain the relation of employees and appearance for physical fitness. That is not only consider the job description and personal specification. In this there are many aspects for equality and diversities in organisation. Recruitment and selection process consists of carefully consideration of requirement in organisation. In this process organisation should primarily contact with employees through employees information. Organisation analysis employees behaviour on daily basis. It consider diversity and equality of employees but that cannot be consideration by people action and behaviours and that cannot measure the action and behaviour of people. It is not essential for public to be able to monitor equality and diversity and give job to capable candidates. Organisation All organisations have initial management structure. It consists of determination relationship between function and positions and sub divides and delegates roles, to carry out defined task is more responsibility and authority. Organization is systems by which they can affect by the environment form their boundaries. Organization is a part of interconnected in a manner as to constitute a system identifiable as a unit or it is non random arrangement of component. It can also defined as systematic arrangement organisation people, and managed them to meet a need for achieve collective goals on a continuing basis. An organisation system is an organized parts of collection that are highly integrated in order to achieve an overall goal. There are several classes of systems and it covers from very simple frameworks that all are the way to social systems, These are the most complex in organisation. The system has various inputs which are processed to produce certain outputs, and accomplish the overall goal desired by the organization. Organisational cultural: Organisation definition is the process of continuous organizational values that is known as ideas and beliefs about what the different kinds of goals of members form an organization those should be pursued the ideas of standards of behaviourand appropriate kinds of organizational members that should be used to achieve these goals. And from organizational values develop organizational guidelines, expectations or norms that prescribe proper kinds of behaviour by employees in particular situations and control the behaviour of organizational members towards one another. Organizational culture is considering as a set of some principles that determine how people behave in the organisation premises. From the observation of different behaviours of employees are based on their beliefs, values, and assumptions that are directly affected on their actions. Managers have an perfect understanding of the organizations culture towards the activities for getting productive way and that is avoid the destructive influence of having employees who are not committed to the companys goals. The process is based on our assumptions, values and norms, which are like our values on money, time, facilities, space and people. Outputs or effects of our culture are, different as organizational technologies, behaviors, , strategies, image, products, appearance, services, etc. Legal Requirements And External Agencies: Legal job The employment opportunities in the Legal industry is to  find the legal recruitment agencies which can take place someone with your requirements the first selection is an appropriate main skill heading, it can be shown in white text with a blue background It is a legal job that can be defined as a position of employment in a legal environment, a firm of solicitors, a company of licensed conveyances, a government organisation and NGO or charity, and it is a set of barristers chambers and a local authority legal team or an in-house legal department. The importance of the definition of a legal job is really only for potential lawyers looking for legal experience. If you are unable to get a legal job than legal job can make lots of difference to your chances of success in getting work of organisation, Legal agencies by skillet and Selection of Legal Recruitment Agencies by county, Alphabetic Selection of Legal Agencies. Legal Requirement For HR Employer is restricted to provide reasonable accommodation for the religious practices of its employment, unless it can show that the accommodation would result in under its business. An employee to take time off for religious observances that are not covered by the employers established holiday schedule so that many employers offer a floating holiday to employees in addition to the regularly scheduled holidays. If organisation provides paid holidays to employees, then it does not have to count the paid hours as hours worked for purposes of determining work which are given to employees not recoded as overtime compensation. For over time any employee must have actually works for 40 hours in a week. Paid time off that considers some leave like vacation, sick leave, etc is not considered time worked. Many collective bargaining agreements include additional rules and regulation for determining overtime. In the intern scheme which is consider unpaid wages which is not for longer than four months and that covered all the work related expenses in the organisation. If employed get placement and then dont get any paid from four month than organisation have to covered all then expenses which are related with organisation. In intern ship, offered some good facility to worker, if intern ship can work proper then employees can perform properly. A placement which is unpaid can last no longer than four months, and all work-related expenses have to be covered by the organisation. Organisations that ensure their unpaid interns are not performing as workers may still be at risk if they offer some kind of enhancement. The circumstances in which an intern ship can be offered without pay are limited, and if an intern is effectively performing as a worker, the employer is obliged to pay them. For example, the opportunity of a training contract offered to unpaid interns could mean they are classed as a worker. Dismissal Dismissal covers such a wide area that it is dealt with under several separate topics in this programmed of dismissal: a judgement disposing of the matter without a trial, official notice that you have been fired from your job, permission to go; the sending away of someone. There are many reasons for that dismissal are automatically become unfair like your gender or age. If your employer dismisses employees for exercising one of your statutory legal employment rights you will have been automatically unfairly dismissed. If employees are dismissed for any of these reasons then they should be able to make a claim for unfair dismissal. The employees  have statutory employment rights include a right such as a written statement of employment particulars, a minimum notice period, parental leave, time off for dependants, the right to request flexible working arrangements, and employees are not to be discriminated against your gender, sexual orientation or age, religion or belief, protection against unlawful deductions from wages, guaranteed payment even work is not available, disability, remuneration during suspension on medical grounds, refusing to do work on a Sunday. There are many reasons for prove that your dismissal is unfair and employees have fair reasons for their dismissal. For example if all the work of employees were right and nothing wrong in their performance then its called unfair dismissed but when your employees didnt follow right process of company then it is right dismissed because in that situation there are problem of employees so it is not unfair dismissed. ACAS Disciplinary ACSA has some different disciplinary and grievance process which provide transparent and clear framework to deal with difficulties which arise for working relationship form employees. It is necessary that ACSA treat everyone in same manner and resolve problems as reasonably. But for that Employees have to follow some rules and discipline which are as follow.,1 Give reason for not achieving some standard which are decided by organisation like requirement of training, advice for knowledge.,2 Employees should have aware from standards for performance or do the work. 3 Employees should try to do resolve problem first before dismissal. 4 Employees should give true information for getting dismissal. Association of Certified Security Agency is short form of ACSA which is specially introduced for the security of industry. Its main purpose is related to assist and carry out the activity for the protection of industry. ACSA was introduced on 18 March 1997. ACSA introduced some rules and regulation for industry and employees so both can be protected from unfairness. ACSA covers some act like industry Act, Workplace Health and Safety Act, Employment Act. ACSA has helped to develop security training for industry for the benefit of employees. Conclusion I would like to conclude from the above analysis that, organization may use all types of sources to collect data and convert into proper information, through the process of statistical method and information system. In this assignment all Collection of data may start with Statistical method, so that it is easier to gather data in tabular format and then put in the process as per the decision making and get output or result in the information system where data can be store safely and access easily. All the data are more reliable so there would be low possibility to get any difference in actual situation. Some point are on the base on some practical and some are based on theory for human resource planning and other points which are related with employees in organisation.

Social Structure of Pompeii and Herculaneum

Social Structure of Pompeii and Herculaneum Many written and archaeological sources have revealed different information about the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum. Pompeii and Herculaneum housed over 10 000 to 20 000 people, all separating into three main social classes; Freeborn, Freedmen and Slaves. All people were either permanently born into a specific group or rarely had the ability to change their status.  [1]  Pompeii and Herculaneum consisted of a range of mixed social groups which included rich land-owners, merchants, artisans and slaves. Both towns were lead by men following the patriarchal system. All elite people were determined by their previous families.  [2]  Men and women were treated differently, as the women had less responsibility to the community then the men had.  [3]   On the top of the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum was Freeborn. Freeborn men and women were classified as the high-class residents of Pompeii and Herculaneum, both politically and socially.  [4]  Freeborn people lived on altering their lives to satisfy and impress the people of Pompeii and Herculaneum.  [5]  It was important to publicly show that they were elite and important and in doing so freeborn men and women dressed with discrete details (toga for men and stola for women, (Refer to Appendix 9 and 10) that made them stand out amongst the rest of the public.  [6]  All freeborn people in Pompeii and Herculaneum came from either their ancestors or by property.  [7]  They included wealthy landowners and businessmen. Freeborn men had many advantages and satisfactions in being so highly ranked. Men had full legal rights and could become candidates for political office. They could become part of the council and dominate the community finances, spaces and rel igion. Freeborn men were very influential people who had statues devoted to them and had honorary tombs made for them. Freeborn men had reserved seating in the amphitheatre.  [8]   An archaeological fresco has shown a wealthy freeborn man and women in a banquet scene which indicates the social standing, where servants and slaves are typically displayed as smaller and lower people in the picture.  [9]  ( Refer to Appendix 5) Women in Pompeii and Herculaneum were expected to run the household, take care of children and manage the finances.  [10]  High-class women unlike men could not be in the political office. They were under the legal administration of their fathers and husbands which meant that they would belong with whichever social class their husband or father were in  [11]  . Freeborn women could own their own property, have an education and become businesswomen and priestesses. An example of a woman was Eumachia who was both business woman and a city priestess.  [12]  (Refer to Appendix 1).Another example is Julia Felix who was a very wealthy women who owned an entire block of land in Pompeii.  [13]  (Refer to Appendix 4). Like freeborn men, women received statues and tombs in their honour. Women also helped with the construction of buildings and tombs.  [14]  Women in Pompeii and Herculaneum were not classified as citizens, education was a symbol of respect but motherhood was the most valued occupation.  [15]  They could not control the political office as they required particular characteristics such as power and rights which they lacked.  [16]  Unlike many other Roman women Pompeian women had more freedom and could participate in the public, religious and business life.  [17]  Several wall paintings, inscriptions and frescoes have displayed Pompeian and Herculaneum women actively engaged in public activities and walking around the city freely.  [18]  (Refer to Appendix 6 and 7). Eumachia was a very influential women in Pompeii and Herculaneum. She owned a large building in the Forum of Pompeii which was the Fullers (Refer to Appendix 3). An inscription signifies that she built it with her own money, in honour of Augustan concord. Eumachia was the patron of the Fullers who worked in the building. The Fullers made a statue in her honour.  [19]   Freed people were known as liberti who were formerly known slaves. In order to become a Freedmen one must buy their freedom or be granted it by their owner.  [20]  Freed men were men and women who were freed from slavery and no longer had to serve anyone.  [21]  The process and ceremony of being set free was called Manumission and in this process the former slave was beaten for the last time to remind them that they were still in debt to their master.  [22]  Freed mens names gave evidence to the status they belonged to.  [23]   The freed people had numerous restrictions on their rights as they owed duties and responsibilities to their previous owners. This is where the patronage system comes into action where the former slave has become the client for their master. Freedmen had low social status and were poor, but it was possible for them to succeed in trade and become wealthy.  [24]  Many freedmen became wealthy and influential; an example is the Vetii Brothers, 1895.  [25]  The Vetii Brothers Aulus Vettius Restitutus and Aulus Vettius Conviva were former slaves who had been freed and became wealthy tradesmen. The House of the Vetii was owned by the Vettii brothers and one of the most well known and admired houses, it displayed a range of different frescoes which indicated their wealth through trade. Evidence has proven that they were wine merchants and became very well known and influential people in Pompeii and Herculaneum.  [26]   A fresco in their home portrayed Hermes god of Trade, located in their triclinium trying to profess their thanks to him.  [27]  (Refer to Appendix 8). Another archaeological source was a poster which said: [A VETTIUS] RESTITUTUS ROG[AT] VETTI CONIVA, AUGUSTALIS [FAC]. This poster was used to help the former owners of the brothers in the political votes as they had gained many connections through trade. The House of the Vettii contained many archaeological sources which helped reveal information about the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum. (Appendix 11 shows a picture of Priapus weighing his phallus, which was located at the front door greeting the guests). Freedmen participated in religious cults and could have their own businesses. Freedmen could not have political power like Freeborn men could but they could vote in the elections. Freed women like men could not hold formal political office and could also work for their former master through the patronage system.  [28]   In Pompeii and Herculaneum little evidence has been found about the slaves and their lives.  [29]  Slaves came from a range of different countries and could be bought and sold by their masters.  [30]  Slaves had no rights, privileges  [31]  and no permanent home as their owners could sell and dispose of them at anytime.  [32]  Many owners bought slaves for sexual intentions.  [33]  Several slaves were educated sometimes more than their owner. Their duty was to clean and cook , some took on the role of doctors and teachers.  [34]   In Pompeii slaves came from debtors and prisoners from wars usually consisted of women and children.  [35]  Slaves made up for forty percent of the population in both Pompeii.  [36]  Slaves worked for Freeborn people, Freedmen and the town council.  [37]  A range of evidence identifies that some slaves lived with their owners as they were considered by law as part of the property.  [38]  The House of Menander and the House of the Centenary are some examples of houses where specific rooms were assigned only to the slaves.  [39]  Tombs that were owned by slaves was rare, seemingly as most slaves were buried in random unmarked places.  [40]  An example of a tomb that was owned by a slave is shown through inscriptions Conviva, slave of Veia, lived 20 years.  [41]   The main goal was to be granted freedom and no longer be a slave for anyone. In order to be free it was required by the slave to either pay off their freedom or be granted freedom by their owner. The freedom converted the slaves to Freedmen.  [42]  Freedom for the slaves came with a ceremony called Manumission.  [43]  Many slaves resumed work with their previous owners but did not get the benefit of citizenship.  [44]   The relationship between the client and patron was a very common characteristic in all social classes in Pompeii and Herculaneum. It was a patronage system where high status people became leaders to the lower class people making them the client. In return the client was expected to support their master through political elections and any other services needed. In doing so the client was rewarded with a gift ,free meal or guidance with their the legal affairs. Clients were supported politically, socially, economically and legally. After many years of serving the owner the slave is granted freedom and adopts the owners name and become their client.  [45]   An example of this relationship was Eumachia and the guild of fullers. A statue of Eumachia was dedicated to her in her honour by the Fullers. (Refer to Appendix 1).Also there was an inscription on the statue that read The Fullers (dedicated this statue) to Eumachia, daughter of Lucius, Public priestess.  [46]  (Refer to Appendix 2). In conclusion written and archaeological sources have created a wide range of knowledge about the social structure in Pompeii and Herculaneum. The social structure branched out into three main categories freeborn, freedmen and slaves, people were either born into the social class or rarely changed into another status. Appendix Appendix One- http://farm2.static.flickr.com/1058/739235616_e3e5b19055.jpg Appendix Two- http://www.vroma.org/images/mcmanus_images/eumachia_inscript.jpg inscription on Eumachias building Appendix Three- scan from book. Appendix Four- Insulae of Julia Felix. http://wings.buffalo.edu/AandL/Maecenas/italy_except_rome_and_sicily/pompeii/ac880526.jpg Refer to Appendix 5- http://www.scalarchives.com/scalapic/foglia1/b/AF00125b.jpg Appendix Six- Three women conversing in Herculaneum. (Fresco) http://www.corbisimages.com/images/67/8C223073-D171-4282-86AB-9CFCDFA59F18/MI001617.jpg http://www.corbisimages.com/Images/spacer.gif Appendix Seven- Women playing the Lyre. http://www.the-romans.co.uk/g5/22.woman_with%20_lyre_small.jpg Appendix Eight- Hermes god of Trade. Priapus-Hermes (Mercury), phallic fertility god, with caduceus | Roman fresco Pompeii Appendix 9- Stola for Women. http://www.fashion-era.com/images/all_greeks_romans/faustina-roman-flora2.jpg Appendix 10- Toga for Men. Appendix 11- http://0.tqn.com/d/ancienthistory/1/0/0/l/2/HouseoftheVetii.jpg

Epic of Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

As an epic tale of heroes and monsters, Beowulf gives its readers much excitement and adventure, but Beowulf's importance is more than just literary. It offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of seventh-century Anglo-Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo-Saxon view of women and their role in society. In addition, a prominent theme in this epic is the love of a mother for her child. Good Anglo-Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors and other men in the mead hall. It shows the role of a mother, and their love for their offspring. Grendel's mother is a strong and combative monster whom Beowulf must kill. However, her heart is filled with anger at the loss of her son at the hands of this same man. A mother who loves their child very much would do everything in their power to make sure their killer got their justice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beowulf is one of the oldest existing poems in the English language. Originally written in Anglo-Saxon, it has been translated to give readers the opportunity to enjoy this colorful, heroic poem of England’s epic age. It has been declared as a heroic-elegiac poem because of the various characteristics it clearly possesses. An epic consists of a hero who is larger than life. Epic characters also give numerous speeches that revel something about the past or the speaker’s characteristics. Beowulf does not give many, but from those he gives, the reader leans about his character traits. The language of the epic style is an elevated, rather formal language. Similes, kennings, and many other literary techniques are used throughout the poem. Beowulf clearly contains many epic characteristics and the following essay will present the evidence needed to support this allegation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The love a mother has for her child shows when Grendel’s mother comes to avenge the death of her son at the hands of Beowulf. He was the only human being who had the skills to defeat Grendel's mother was again Beowulf, and he would not say no to another battle. However, this battle with the mother was to take place under water. He got ready and armed for the underwater fight, and accepted the sword, which Unferth handed him. Beowulf took his leave to achieve another victory, but not as confident of himself this time as he was at his first battle.

Who Is Free To Choose :: essays research papers

Who Is Free To Choose?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Internet started out as a tool for transmitting information to learn and study. Free expression on the Internet is one of the things that makes the Internet so great. People can get information on a subject from many different areas. This gives the chance for people to see an issue form other points of view. The Internet has developed into a vast medium of knowledge with many users contributing to its growth. With the growth of the Internet, many people have seen it as a source to express their ideas to the public. Some would even view the Internet as a virtual community, and say it is a democracy. People argue that with such freedom, the Internet should be censored to protect children form pornography, and others from sites that may concern 'objectionable'; material. There are people who live under the 1st Amendment and they use the Internet as an outlet to express their ideas and to incorporate ideas from others. Censorship of the Internet is wrong because it obstructs other pe ople from accessing what they want to see and it inhabits people's free speech. Censorship on the Internet has been a growing concern for the past three years. The wide range of information available has made it a tempting target for those who want to control what a person can see and read. The Random House Webster's School and Office Dictionary defines censorship as, 'An official who examines books, films etc., to suppress anything objectionable';. (CD ROM) The next question is who is going to decide for the millions of users on the Internet what is objectionable for them to see and read. The Internet has developed into a vast medium of knowledge with many users contributing to its growth. In this country, many activists for censorship on the Internet mainly have one thing on their minds. They want to protect children from pornography. Although I view this as big concern, there is a grater issue at hand. Since censorship involves all forms of expression, censoring the Internet woul d hurt many people. The Internet is an international community; we must view it as pertaining to other countries, not just the United States. Not all countries have the privilege of living in a democracy and under the Bill of Rights. As a result, the Internet has brought a new sense of freedom to most people who oppressed by tyrannical governments, or those that disagree with a government but are not allowed to express it.

Primary Health Care Essay -- Health, Policies, Regulations

Part A Primary health care evolves from the economic, cultural, social, and political conditions of a country, and it is described as an essential part of health care that is universally provided to individuals in a community at the country's and community's expense (World Health Organisation [WHO], 1978). The goal of primary health care is to address the main local health problems, but it involves community education about these problems in addition to providing disease treatments (WHO, 1978). Furthermore, primary health care is concerned with nutrition promotion, sanitation standards, family planning, immunisation, disease control and prevention, and it promotes and relies on community and individual participation in primary health care functions (WHO, 1978). Population health is concerned with policies and interventions that result in positive health outcomes within a community and further distribution of these outcomes among the individuals of the community (Kindig and Stoddart, 2003). Primary health care and population health overlap and complement each other because primary health care builds the fundamental infrastructure of the national health care system (WHO, 1978), so other aspects of national health care are built upon the principles, organisation, and functions defined in the country's primary health care policies and regulations. For example, primary care is provided to individuals, and population health is concerned with community health. However, population health depends on proper individual care because individuals with potentially communicable disease can be a threat to public health, so population health can plan its interventions in the community based on evidence collected from primary health observations... ...r intervention accordingly. Item #6. Finally, the issue of an influenza pandemic must be addressed by agencies and organisations other than health care providers, so the occupational health nurse in the role of the educator will notify and counsel boarder controls, travel agencies, and all international organisations about proper rules and regulations in this situation because entering and leaving Australia during a pandemic should not be allowed without proper vaccination. Although quarantines have proven ineffective against flu pandemics in the past, and a 90% air travel restriction can delay the pandemic by no more than two weeks (GlobalSecurity.org, 2011b), making vaccination obligatory for travellers should not be overlooked because it can both slow down the progress of the disease within the Australian community and prevent spreading it to other communities. Primary Health Care Essay -- Health, Policies, Regulations Part A Primary health care evolves from the economic, cultural, social, and political conditions of a country, and it is described as an essential part of health care that is universally provided to individuals in a community at the country's and community's expense (World Health Organisation [WHO], 1978). The goal of primary health care is to address the main local health problems, but it involves community education about these problems in addition to providing disease treatments (WHO, 1978). Furthermore, primary health care is concerned with nutrition promotion, sanitation standards, family planning, immunisation, disease control and prevention, and it promotes and relies on community and individual participation in primary health care functions (WHO, 1978). Population health is concerned with policies and interventions that result in positive health outcomes within a community and further distribution of these outcomes among the individuals of the community (Kindig and Stoddart, 2003). Primary health care and population health overlap and complement each other because primary health care builds the fundamental infrastructure of the national health care system (WHO, 1978), so other aspects of national health care are built upon the principles, organisation, and functions defined in the country's primary health care policies and regulations. For example, primary care is provided to individuals, and population health is concerned with community health. However, population health depends on proper individual care because individuals with potentially communicable disease can be a threat to public health, so population health can plan its interventions in the community based on evidence collected from primary health observations... ...r intervention accordingly. Item #6. Finally, the issue of an influenza pandemic must be addressed by agencies and organisations other than health care providers, so the occupational health nurse in the role of the educator will notify and counsel boarder controls, travel agencies, and all international organisations about proper rules and regulations in this situation because entering and leaving Australia during a pandemic should not be allowed without proper vaccination. Although quarantines have proven ineffective against flu pandemics in the past, and a 90% air travel restriction can delay the pandemic by no more than two weeks (GlobalSecurity.org, 2011b), making vaccination obligatory for travellers should not be overlooked because it can both slow down the progress of the disease within the Australian community and prevent spreading it to other communities. Primary Health Care Essay -- Health, Policies, Regulations Part A Primary health care evolves from the economic, cultural, social, and political conditions of a country, and it is described as an essential part of health care that is universally provided to individuals in a community at the country's and community's expense (World Health Organisation [WHO], 1978). The goal of primary health care is to address the main local health problems, but it involves community education about these problems in addition to providing disease treatments (WHO, 1978). Furthermore, primary health care is concerned with nutrition promotion, sanitation standards, family planning, immunisation, disease control and prevention, and it promotes and relies on community and individual participation in primary health care functions (WHO, 1978). Population health is concerned with policies and interventions that result in positive health outcomes within a community and further distribution of these outcomes among the individuals of the community (Kindig and Stoddart, 2003). Primary health care and population health overlap and complement each other because primary health care builds the fundamental infrastructure of the national health care system (WHO, 1978), so other aspects of national health care are built upon the principles, organisation, and functions defined in the country's primary health care policies and regulations. For example, primary care is provided to individuals, and population health is concerned with community health. However, population health depends on proper individual care because individuals with potentially communicable disease can be a threat to public health, so population health can plan its interventions in the community based on evidence collected from primary health observations... ...r intervention accordingly. Item #6. Finally, the issue of an influenza pandemic must be addressed by agencies and organisations other than health care providers, so the occupational health nurse in the role of the educator will notify and counsel boarder controls, travel agencies, and all international organisations about proper rules and regulations in this situation because entering and leaving Australia during a pandemic should not be allowed without proper vaccination. Although quarantines have proven ineffective against flu pandemics in the past, and a 90% air travel restriction can delay the pandemic by no more than two weeks (GlobalSecurity.org, 2011b), making vaccination obligatory for travellers should not be overlooked because it can both slow down the progress of the disease within the Australian community and prevent spreading it to other communities.